A survey on the Cauchy problem for the Korteweg-de Vries equation

In this thesis, we study the Cauchy problem for the classic Korteweg-de Vries equation ut + ux + uux + uxxx = 0 for x ∈ R, t > 0 u(x, 0) = u0(x) for x ∈ R describing the propagation of long waves in shallow waters. We first use Bona and colleagues' approach of adding a regularizing term to the equation and show that the equation is well-posed for initial data u0 2 Hs, s ≥ 3, with solution lying in this space for each t globally. We then use Kato's methods of semigroup theory in nonlinear study to lower the bound on s to s > 3=2 for local solutions and to s ≥2 for global solutions

Malatya Arıcılık Faaliyetlerinin Genel Durum Tespiti Çalışması

Bu çalışma,ekolojik yapısı,arı yetiştiriciliği için uygun alanların fazlalığı, bitki çeşitliliği ile zenginliğine sahip olması nedeni ile önemli bir konuma sahip olan Malatya’da ki arıcılık faaliyetlerinin durumunu değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmış olup, bu kapsamdaki çalışmalar rastgele seçilmiş 100 arı yetiştiricisine uygulanan anket çalışması ile saptandı. Bu anket çalışmasında 33 soru ile arıcıların yaşları, kaç yıldır arıcılık yaptıkları,  eğitim durumları, bal verimleri, koloni sayıları, ana arı üretimi ile değişimi, hastalık ile zararlılarla mücadeleleri,  arıcılığa başlama nedenleri, arıcılık dışı faaliyetleri, gezginci arıcılık durumları, besleme şekil ile zamanları, koloni kayıpları, arıcılıkta karşılaştıkları en önemli sorunları, pazarlama ile satış faaliyetleri ve üretilen arı ürünleri gibi konular hakkında önemli veriler elde edildi. Elde edilen verilere göre, Malatya ili arıcılığının genel durumu saptandı. Arıcılık faaliyetlerindeki başlıca eksiklikler eğitim, ürün pazarlama, ana arı üretimi veya temini, hastalık ve zararlılar ile mücadele olarak ortaya kondu. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın Malatya’daki arıcılık faaliyetlerinin önceliklerinin ve eksikliklerinin saptanması açısından yararlı olduğu ve daha sonra yapılacak çalışmalarda yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir

Relationship Between Atopy Patch Test with Foods and SCORAD

Background and Design: The relationship between food and atopic dermatitis (AD) is controversial. Atopy patch test (APT) gained prominence due to low specificity of “fresh prick tests” (FPT) with foods, commonly late occurrence of lesions in AD and, thus, the inconsistencies in anamneses, and being the provocative tests time consuming and risky, as well as due to the role of T lymphocytes in the pathophysiology of the disease. In this study, we investigated the relationship of APT and FPT made with food with SCORAD index assessing the disease severity.Materials and Methods: Forty-five children (21 males and 24 females) aged between 2-15 years who were diagnosed with AD in our outpatient clinic between May 2006 and May 2007 were included in the study. FPT and APT with eggs, milk and wheat flour were performed in all patients. The severity of illness was assessed using the SCORAD index. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 11.0 for Windows. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant

The effect of different sowing norms on some yield traits of forage rape and ıts evaluation as a bee pasture

Bu çalışma, yemlik kolzanın farklı ekim normlarının bazı verim özelliklerine etkisi, bal arıları arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşimlerinin belirlenmesi ve yemlik kolzanın arı merası oluşturulmasında alternatif bir bitki olarak değerlendirilmesi amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 ve 2400 g/da ekim normu kullanılmıştır. Bitkinin çiçeklenmesi ile birlikte haftada iki defa gözlemler alınmış ve m2 başına bal arısı sayısı, bal arılarının çiçekte kalma süresi, bitki boyu, m2 başına bitki sayısı, bitki başına çiçek sayısı, m2 başına çiçek sayısı, yan dal sayısı, bitki başına kapsül, kapsülde tohum, tohum verimi ve bin tane ağırlığı gibi özellikler ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda verim bakımından 1200-1600 g/da ekim normu öne çıkmıştır. 26 Nisan tarihi, arıların yemlik kolzayı en çok ziyaret ettiği, bitkinin en yüksek boyuna ulaştığı, bitki başına ve m2 başına en fazla çiçeğe sahip olduğu tarih olarak görülmüştür. Yemlik kolzanın arıcılık faaliyeti açısından özellikle erken ilkbahar döneminde kolonilerde oluşan nektar ve polen yetersizliğinin çözümüne yönelik ideal bir arı merası bitkisi olduğu, Bingöl ve benzer ekolojik koşullara sahip bölgelerde 26 Nisan tarihi geçirilmeden bu bitkinin arıcılık açısından değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.In this study, the effects of different sowing norms of Forage Rape on some yield characteristics, the mutual interactions between honey bees and the evaluation of forage rape as an alternative plant in the creation of bee pastures were carried out. Sowing norms of 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 and 2400 g/da were used in the study. Data was taken twice a week. The flowering of the plant and the number of honeybees per m2, the duration of the honeybee in bloom, the plant height, the number of plants per m2, the number of flowers per plant, the number of flowers per m2, the number of side branches, capsule per plant, seed in capsule, seed properties such as yield and thousand grain weight were discussed. This research observed that, 1200-1600 g/da sowing norm produces the highest yield. April 26th was observed as the date when bees visited the Forage Rape the most, reached the highest height of the plant, and had the most flowers per plant and per m2. It has been concluded that Forage Rape is an ideal bee pasture plant for the solving nectar and pollen deficiency in beekeeping, especially in early spring periods in terms of beekeeping activity. İt is recommended that this plant should be further evaluated for beekeeping on dates prior to April 26th in Bingöl and regions with similar ecological conditions

Effects of Chemical Sympathectomy on Contralateral Testicular Histology and Fertility in Unilateral Vasectomy

Unilateral obstruction or injury to the vas deferens can result in significant injury to the contralateral testicle. Although various pathways have been proposed, the mechanism of contralateral testicular deterioration remains controversial. The present animal study was performed to evaluate the effects of unilateral vasectomy on ipsilateral and contralateral testicular histology and fertility in rats that were chemically sympathectomized neonatally. The study comprised 40 male albino rats: 20 received a placebo and the other 20 underwent chemical sympathectomy neonatally. When 60 days old, each group of 20 rats was divided into two groups that underwent either a sham operation or an operation to create unilateral left vasectomy. Eight weeks after surgery, each male rat was housed with two known fertile female rats for 25 days, and then their testes were harvested. Mean seminiferous tubular diameters (MSTD) and mean testicular biopsy scores (MTBS) were determined for each testis. Although MSTD and MTBS were not significantly different between groups, chemical sympathectomy prevented the decrease in total fertility rates of the rats with unilateral left vasectomy in our study. Prevention of this decrease by chemical sympathectomy suggests that the sympathetic nervous system may play a role in the testicular degeneration associated with vasectomy

Religious Officials' knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards smoking and the new tobacco law in Kahramanmaras, Turkey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tobacco control effort should be first started in people that are looked upon as role models for the general population. We aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of religious officials towards smoking and the new tobacco law.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>The study group was comprised of 492 Imams and 149 Quran course instructors working in Kahramanmaras city of Turkey, 641 religious officials in total, and our survey form was applied on 406 (63.3%) of those religious officials who agreed to participate in the study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty-eight (6.9%) participants were current smokers and 35 (8.6%) were ex-smokers. 99.8% of the religious officials believed that smoking was harmful and/or prohibited in terms of religion. While 43.6% respondents thought smoking was "<it>haram</it>" (forbidden by Islam), 56.2% believed it was "<it>makruh</it>" (something regarded as reprehensible, though not forbidden by God according to Islam). 85.2% of the participants were aware of the recent tobacco law. 55.5% of the respondents, who were aware of the recent tobacco law, evaluated their knowledge level on the law as adequate, whereas 44.5% evaluated it as inadequate 92.4% of the participants noted that religious officials should play active roles in tobacco control effort.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Smoking rate among religious officials is much lower than that of general public. In order to help religious officials to take a more active role on this issue, they should be trained on the subject and appropriate platforms should be established.</p

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension